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(See also Hand Defence Techniques)
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Hand attack techniques are classed into the following categories :
Intended to cause internal damage to the target using a twisting motion of the fist. Primarily uses the forefist, although can also use other tools such as the knuckles, open fist, or long fist
Intended to cut or pierce through a vital spot. Primarily uses the fingertips and elbow, although single and double fingers are also used.
Intended solely to attack the eyes, using only the flat fingertip.
Intended to damage or break bones and muscles. Uses the elbow, knifehand, backfist, sidefist, and some other hand parts.
Variations of the above performed with both feet off the ground, either to cover distance or to evade an attack
Used to attack an opponentwho is at too close range for a decisive blow, and are variations of the normal hand techniques delivered whilst flying backward or to the side.
A double attack is where the same type of attack is delivered twice in succession in the same direction by the same attacking tool. Can be directed against one or two opponents, horizontally or vertically, to the front or to the side.
A triple attack is where the same type of attack is delivered three times in succession in the same direction by the same attacking tool.
A consecutive attack is where two or more attacks are executed in succession by the same hand in different directions or with different attacking tools.
A combination attack is where two or more attacks are executed in succession by both hands while in mid-air.
Punching techniques are categorised according to the position of the opponent, and alignment of the fist at the moment of impact.
Attacks a target to the front; the fist rotates to horizontal at the moment of impact, and the fist and shoulders form a triangle. Variations are:
Obverse punch (Baro jirugi) - the punch is delivered on the same side as the dominant leg
e.g. Walking stance middle obverse punch (Gunnun so kaunde baro jirugi) - as in Saju Jirugi
Reverse punch (Bandae jirugi) - the punch is delivered on the opposite side to the dominant leg
e.g. Walking stance high reverse punch (Gunnun so nopunde bandae jirugi) - as in move 2 of Do San
Used to attack targets at medium range. The fist is held vertically with the elbow bent to around 40 degrees at the moment of impact. Can be a single or twin fist attack.
Used to attack a target to the side. The fist and shoulders form a straight line.
Used to attack the face or chin at close range. The back fist should be facing the front at the moment of impact.
Used to attack the middle section. The fist reaches the target in a circular motion. Can be a single or twin fist attack.
Used for a simultaneous attack to the face and solar plexus of the opponent. The fists should be parallel, with the lower elbow braced against the hip and the body leaning slightly forward at the moment of impact
Used to attack an opponent who has fallen down. The punch is delivered vertically toward the ground.
Used to attack middle or high section targets at medium range. Delivered in an arc from a 90 degree angle such that the fist reaches the centre line of the attacker's body at the moment of impact. Can be a single or twin fist attack, and uses the forefist or fore-knuckle fist.
Used to attack targets at close range from side on. Middle single forefist punch only. Delivered in a sharp curve from a 90 degree angle such that the fist reaches shoulder level on the centre line of the attacker's body at the moment of impact.
Similar to the turning punch, except the fist reaches the opposite side of the attacker's chest at the moment of impact.
Used to attack two opponents at once; consists of a side punch and an angle punch delivered simultaneously, the forearms being kept parallel and horizontal at the moment of impact.
Thrusting is performed primarily with the fingertip or elbow, although the fingers can also be used.
The primary tools for this are the flat fingertip, delivered in the same fashion as the downeard punch, and the straight elbow, used to attack the back of a bending opponent.
Used to attack an opponent at the flank. Primarily delivered using the flat fingertip or side elbow, but can also be performed with the forefinger or double side elbow.
Used to attack an opponent approaching from the side front.
Delivered with either a single or twin elbow, with the hand(s) at shoulder level and the back fist facing upward at the moment of impact.
Twin elbow (Sang palkup soopyong tulgi) is used to attack two opponents simultaneously, and is mainly executed from close, paralle, walking or X-stance, although it can also utilise sitting or one-leg stances.
Single elbow (Wae palkup soopyong tulgi) can be executed from nearly all stances; the thrusting elbow is strengthened by using the opposite palm on the forefist of the striking hand.
Used to attack an opponent approaching from the side rear, and mainly executed from sitting or parallel stance, or occasionally close, one-leg or X-stance. The thrusting elbow is strengthened with the opposite finger belly on the forefist, or the opposite side fist on the under fist.
Used to attack two opponents simultaneously approaching from the side rear, and executed from close, parallel or X-stance, or more rarely sitting, walking or one-leg stances.
Delivered to the front with an outward motion. Can be performed in nearly all stances, although the most commonly used are walking, rear-foot and L-stance. Can be reverse or obverse, although the latter is not a logical option for rear-foot or L-stances.
Delivered to the front with an inward motion. Can be performed in every stance, although the most commonly used are walking, L- and X-stance. Both reverse and obverse are possible for all stances.
Delivered to the flank with an outward motion. Executed mainly from sitting, parallel or X-stance, or occasionally from one-leg or close stance.
Delivered using an inward motion to attack a target to the side front, and primarily uses the knifehand.
Mainly uses the knife-hand or back fist to attack a target to the front or side with a downward motion.
Side Downward Strike (Yop naeryo taerigi) is used to attack an opponent to the side, and reaches the target in a circular motion. Nearly all stances can be used, although L-, rear foot, vertical and X-stances are most common.
Front Downward Strike (Ap naeryo taerigi) is used to attack an opponent at the front, and reaches the target in a straight line. Usually executed from walking or X-stance, although sitting, parallel close or one-leg stance can also be used.
Reaches the target with an outward motion, resulting in a side strike. Primarily uses the knife-hand, back fist or side fist, or occasionally the back hand or twin back fist.
Used when the body is half or side facing the opponent, and delivered with an outward motion. Can be performed from all stances, and primarily uses the knife-hand and back fist, or occasionally the side fist or back hand.
Used to attack opponents to the side, using a single back fist for one opponent, or a twin knife-hand, twin side fist, twin back fist or twin back hand for simultaneous attacks to an opponent at each side.
Used when the body is full facing the opponent to attack to the centre front.
Back fist is normally executed from sitting, walking or X-stance, and used to attack the philtrum or temple.
Knifehand and Reverse knifehand are mainly executed from sitting, walking, parallel or X-stance, and used to attack the neck.
Delivered in the same fashion as the crescent punch, but using the arc-hand or finger pincers. Most commonly delivered from walking, sitting and X-stance.
Used to attack an opponent at the side rear Primarily executed with the back fist, although back hand can also be used. Can be delivered from nearly every stance, although walking, sitting or close stance are most common. The attacking tool should be full facing to the target, and the opposite arm extended side downeard at the moment of impact.
Used to attack an opponent at the side front. Primarily executed with the back fist, although reverse knifehand or back hand can also be used. Mainly delivered from walking or close stance, or occasionally one-leg stance.
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